Which scenario most likely does not require a warrant?

In the context of arrest, search, and seizure, an arrest made in a public place with probable cause typically does not require a warrant. Law enforcement officers are granted the authority to make arrests based on probable cause, which means they have sufficient reason to believe that a crime has been committed and that the person they are arresting is involved. This principle is grounded in the Fourth Amendment, which allows for warrantless arrests when the police are able to observe criminal activity or have other reliable information leading to a belief that a suspect has committed a crime.

In contrast, scenarios such as searching a home without consent, or searching a vehicle after the owner has refused consent, usually involve considerations that require a warrant unless specific exigent circumstances justify the search without one. Likewise, a routine traffic stop may have probable cause to search the vehicle, but this often involves legal complexities that are not as straightforward as a public arrest under probable cause. Hence, the scenario of a public arrest with probable cause stands out as the one that most likely does not necessitate a warrant.