What is a requirement for conducting a search of a vehicle?

To conduct a search of a vehicle, having probable cause or obtaining consent from the owner is essential. Probable cause means there is a reasonable belief that evidence of a crime can be found in the vehicle, which justifies the search without a warrant. Alternatively, if a law enforcement officer receives consent from the owner or person in control of the vehicle, that consent legitimizes the search, making it valid under the Fourth Amendment.

In situations where a vehicle is stopped, simply believing that the vehicle is stolen does not provide justification for a search without further evidence. A valid registration document might be necessary to confirm legal operation but does not in itself grant the authority to search. Random checks during traffic stops are legally insufficient as they do not adhere to the standards of probable cause or consent; each search must be supported by a legitimate reason.